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Objective To analyze three-dimensional imaging characteristics and advantages for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation, and to evaluate clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation. Methods Clinical data of 10 patients who received portal vein stent implantation for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging characteristics of severe portal vein stenosis, and advantages of three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and interventional treatment efficacy for severe portal vein stenosis were analyzed. Results Among 10 patients, 3 cases were diagnosed with centripetal stenosis, tortuosity angulation-induced stenosis in 2 cases, compression-induced stenosis in 2 cases, long-segment stenosis and/or vascular occlusion in 3 cases. Three-dimensional reconstruction images possessed advantages in accurate identification of stenosis, identification of stenosis types and measurement of stenosis length. All patients were successfully implanted with portal vein stents. After stent implantation, the diameter of the minimum diameter of portal vein was increased [(6.2±0.9) mm vs. (2.6±1.7) mm, P<0.05], the flow velocity at anastomotic site was decreased [(57±19) cm/s vs. (128±27) cm/s, P<0.05], and the flow velocity at the portal vein adjacent to the liver was increased [(41±6) cm/s vs. (18±6) cm/s, P<0.05]. One patient suffered from intrahepatic hematoma caused by interventional puncture, which was mitigated after conservative observation and treatment. The remaining patients did not experience relevant complications. Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization technique may visually display the location, characteristics and severity of stenosis, which is beneficial for clinicians to make treatment decisions and assist interventional procedures. Timely implantation of portal vein stent may effectively reverse pathological process and improve portal vein blood flow.
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Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience of portal vein aneurysm after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of two recipients with portal vein aneurysm after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were summarized based on literature review. Results Both two cases were diagnosed with intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm complicated with portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension after liver transplantation. Case 1 was given with targeted conservative treatment and he refused to undergo liver retransplantation. Physical condition was worsened after discharge, and the patient eventually died from liver graft failure, kidney failure, lung infection, and septic shock. Case 2 received high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy, whereas liver function was not improved, and the patient was recovered successfully after secondary liver transplantation. Conclusions Long-term complication of portal vein aneurysm (especially intrahepatic type) after liver transplantation probably indicates poor prognosis. Correct understanding, intimate follow-up and active treatment should be conducted. Liver retransplantation may be a potential treatment regimen.
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Objective@#To investigate the application value of augmented reality (AR) technology in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).@*Methods@#The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 3 male patients who underwent PD in Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from June 2018 to February 2019 were collected. The 3 patients were aged from 52 to 63 years, with a median age of 57 years. Digital imaging and communication standard format data of enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan were collected, the three-dimensional (3D) images of abdominal arteries, portal vein, descending duodenum, pancreatic body and tail, pancreatic head, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct were reconstructed. The results were imported into the AR software. Optical tracking based on two-dimensional codes and manual interactive rigid registration were adopted for intraoperative navigation. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative conditions; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was conducted to detect survival of patients and tumor metastasis and recurrence up to June 2019. The measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers.@*Results@#(1) Surgical and postoperative conditions: all the 3 patients underwent PD with AR technology as intraoperative navigation successfully. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 6 hours (range, 5-8 hours), 700 mL (range, 300-900 mL), 11 days (range, 9-12 days). There was no perioperative death or complication occured. After surgery, the patients who underwent PD combined with superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection and reconstruction had patent SMV on the enhanced computed tomography examination. (2) Postoperative pathological examination: results of pathological examination showed 1 case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas with invasive adenocarcinoma (neoplasm invading SMV), 1 case of insulinoma, and 1 case of periampullary neuroendocrine carcinoma, respectively. (3) Follow-up: 3 patients were followed up for 4-12 months, with a median follow-up time of 6 months. During the follow-up, the patient with IPMN of the pancreas and invasive adenocarcinoma had liver metastasis at 3 months after surgery, and received chemotherapy at other hospital. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, the metastatic nodule shrank, and the patient was still in follow-up up to deadline of follow-up. Other 2 patients had no recurrence or metastasis.@*Conclusion@#AR technique assisted PD is safe and feasible, which is helpful to indentify vascular branches and tracks.
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Objective To investigate the application value of augmented reality (AR) technology in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 3 male patients who underwent PD in Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from June 2018 to February 2019 were collected.The 3 patients were aged from 52 to 63 years,with a median age of 57 years.Digital imaging and communication standard format data of enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan were collected,the three-dimensional (3D) images of abdominal arteries,portal vein,descending duodenum,pancreatic body and tail,pancreatic head,common bile duct,and pancreatic duct were reconstructed.The results were imported into the AR software.Optical tracking based on two-dimensional codes and manual interactive rigid registration were adopted for intraoperative navigation.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative conditions;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was conducted to detect survival of patients and tumor metastasis and recurrence up to June 2019.The measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range).Count data were expressed as absolute numbers.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative conditions:all the 3 patients underwent PD with AR technology as intraoperative navigation successfully.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 6 hours (range,5-8 hours),700 mL (range,300-900 mL),11 days (range,9-12 days).There was no perioperative death or complication occured.After surgery,the patients who underwent PD combined with superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection and reconstruction had patent SMV on the enhanced computed tomography examination.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:results of pathological examination showed 1 case of intraductal papillary mueinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas with invasive adenocarcinoma (neoplasm invading SMV),1 case of insulinoma,and 1 case of periampullary neuroendocrine carcinoma,respectively.(3) Follow-up:3 patients were followed up for 4-12 months,with a median follow-up time of 6 months.During the follow-up,the patient with IPMN of the pancreas and invasive adenocarcinoma had liver metastasis at 3 months after surgery,and received chemotherapy at other hospital.After 4 cycles of chemotherapy,the metastatic nodule shrank,and the patient was still in follow-up up to deadline of follow-up.Other 2 patients had no recurrence or metastasis.Conclusion AR technique assisted PD is safe and feasible,which is helpful to indentify vascular branches and tracks.